backend phase 15 & frontend phase 8

client/jest.setup.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@
 // Learn more: https://github.com/testing-library/jest-dom
 import '@testing-library/jest-dom';
 
+// next/jest loads .env / .env.test but not .env.development, so NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL (required by
+// `@/config`) is absent in tests. Any test that renders a component using a `services/{domain}` hook pulls
+// the real `clientApi` → `@/config` at import time, which throws without this. Provide a harmless default.
+process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL || 'https://localhost:5002';
+
 // To get 'next/router' working with tests
 jest.mock('next/router', () => require('next-router-mock'));