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<title>8. Payments & Escrow — Balinyaar docs</title>
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<a class="brand" href="../index.html"><span class="dot"></span> Balinyaar docs</a>
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<p class="tagline">Trust-first home-nursing marketplace · Iran</p>
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<nav><div class="group"><div class="label">Start here</div><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs home</a></li><li><a href="../overview/platform-summary.html">Platform summary & ground truths</a></li></ul></div><div class="group"><div class="label">Business requirements</div><ul><li><a href="index.html">Overview & MVP scope</a></li><li><a href="01-actors-and-onboarding.html">1. Actors & onboarding</a></li><li><a href="02-nurse-verification.html">2. Nurse verification</a></li><li><a href="03-service-catalog-and-pricing.html">3. Service catalog & pricing</a></li><li><a href="04-search-and-matching.html">4. Search & matching</a></li><li><a href="05-booking-and-scheduling.html">5. Booking & scheduling</a></li><li><a href="06-evv-and-service-delivery.html">6. EVV / service delivery</a></li><li><a href="07-cancellation-and-refunds.html">7. Cancellation & refunds</a></li><li><a class="active" href="08-payments-and-escrow.html">8. Payments & escrow</a></li><li><a href="09-installments-bnpl.html">9. Installments / BNPL</a></li><li><a href="10-payouts.html">10. Payouts to nurses</a></li><li><a href="11-reviews-trust-and-safety.html">11. Reviews, trust & safety</a></li><li><a href="12-messaging-and-emergencies.html">12. Messaging & emergencies</a></li><li><a href="13-tax-invoicing-and-legal.html">13. Tax, invoicing & legal</a></li><li><a href="14-notifications-and-admin.html">14. Notifications & admin</a></li></ul></div><div class="group"><div class="label">Database model</div><ul><li><a href="../data-model/index.html">Overview & decisions</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/diagrams.html">Diagrams</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/01-identity-and-access.html">1. Identity & access</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/02-geography.html">2. Geography</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/03-services-and-pricing.html">3. Services & pricing</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/04-verification-and-credentials.html">4. Verification & credentials</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/05-booking-and-scheduling.html">5. Booking & scheduling</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/06-payments-ledger-and-refunds.html">6. Payments, ledger & refunds</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/07-payouts.html">7. Payouts</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/08-bnpl.html">8. BNPL / installments</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/09-messaging.html">9. Messaging</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/10-reviews-and-records.html">10. Reviews & records</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/11-notifications.html">11. Notifications</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/12-audit-config-and-reference.html">12. Audit, config & reference</a></li><li><a href="../data-model/13-partner-centers-and-future.html">13. Partner centers & future</a></li></ul></div><div class="group"><div class="label">Payments deep-dive</div><ul><li><a href="../payments/index.html">Overview & exec summary</a></li><li><a href="../payments/iranian-payment-reality.html">Iranian payment reality</a></li><li><a href="../payments/escrow-ledger.html">Escrow as a ledger</a></li><li><a href="../payments/bnpl-landscape.html">BNPL landscape & finding</a></li><li><a href="../payments/cancellation-and-payout.html">Cancellation & nurse payout</a></li><li><a href="../payments/integration-notes.html">Integration & schema touchpoints</a></li><li><a href="../payments/sources.html">Recommendations & sources</a></li></ul></div><div class="group"><div class="label">Research & strategy</div><ul><li><a href="../research/index.html">Overview & exec summary</a></li><li><a href="../research/market-and-competitors.html">Market & competitors</a></li><li><a href="../research/problems-and-risks.html">Problems & risks</a></li><li><a href="../research/verification.html">Verification (research)</a></li><li><a href="../research/legal-landscape.html">Legal landscape</a></li><li><a href="../research/go-to-market.html">Go-to-market & sources</a></li></ul></div><div class="group"><div class="label">Notes & more</div><ul><li><a href="../notes/open-questions.html">Open questions</a></li><li><a href="../notes/future-ideas.html">Future ideas</a></li><li><a href="../wireframes/index.html">Wireframes</a></li><li><a href="../fa/index.html">Farsi documents</a></li></ul></div></nav>
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<h1 id="8-payments-escrow">8. Payments & Escrow</h1>
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<p><a href="index.html">← Business Requirements</a></p>
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<h2 id="a-business-requirements">(a) Business requirements <a class="anchor" href="#a-business-requirements" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>The family pays the <strong>gross</strong> booking price <strong>through the platform</strong> by card via a licensed PSP's IPG. The platform is the <strong>merchant-of-record</strong>; the payment lands net of provider/Shaparak fees.</li>
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<li><strong>Escrow is an internal ledger state, not platform-held cash.</strong> The platform models money state with a minimal <strong>double-entry <code>ledger_entries</code></strong> ledger: each money event posts <strong>balanced</strong> legs grouped by a transaction group. Account types: <code>escrow_held</code>, <code>platform_revenue</code>, <code>nurse_payable</code>, <code>refund_payable</code>, <code>bnpl_fee_expense</code>, <code>nurse_clawback_receivable</code>. The ledger is the <strong>single source of truth</strong> for "how much is held," "how much do we owe nurses now," and "what is our commission income" — replacing fragile inference from scattered status booleans.<ul>
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<li>On a successful card payment: debit <code>escrow_held</code> (gross), credit <code>platform_revenue</code> (Balinyaar commission), credit <code>nurse_payable</code> (nurse payout).</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><strong>Settlement-sharing (تسهیم).</strong> The compliant marketplace primitive is splitting one incoming card payment across multiple <strong>registered IBANs</strong> (the nurse's share and the platform's commission) at settlement, performed by Shaparak/the provider — the platform never touches the actual split. The internal ledger mirrors this split; the per-booking fee snapshot freezes it.</li>
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<li><strong>Per-booking the three amounts are stored separately and never conflated:</strong> <code>gross_price_irr</code> (what the customer is charged), <code>balinyaar_commission_irr</code> (platform's cut — drives the nurse payout), and (for BNPL) <code>bnpl_commission_irr</code> (the provider's merchant discount — a platform expense). <code>nurse_payout_amount = gross_price_irr − balinyaar_commission_irr</code>.</li>
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<li><strong>Webhook idempotency is mandatory before money moves.</strong> Every PSP/BNPL callback is stored raw and <strong>deduplicated by a unique external event id</strong> in <code>payment_webhook_events</code> before any money state mutates — preventing double-confirmed bookings and double-settlements from at-least-once, retried callbacks.</li>
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<li><strong>Payment uniqueness:</strong> at most one <code>succeeded</code> payment transaction per booking, and the Shaparak reference is unique — enforced so a retried success webhook cannot double-confirm.</li>
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<li><strong>Multi-provider failover.</strong> Provider settlement cut-offs are a real continuity risk (the Toman/Jibit Nov-2024 suspensions cut businesses off mid-cycle). The payment layer abstracts the provider behind configuration so a blocked provider can be swapped, and the reconciliation ledger survives a provider being cut off.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="b-iran-specific-considerations">(b) Iran-specific considerations <a class="anchor" href="#b-iran-specific-considerations" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>The load-bearing legal constraint:</strong> a پرداختیار may <strong>not</strong> hold customer deposits, run wallets, or move money between merchants; the Shaparak ban on inter-merchant/inter-facilitator transfers means the "delay the تسهیم and redistribute later from a platform pool" pattern is regulatory grey-to-prohibited. The compliant posture is: collect via the provider, model escrow as an <strong>internal ledger over funds custodied at the licensed provider/partner bank</strong>, and pay out by provider-side settlement to <strong>verified, registered nurse IBANs</strong>. A bank-grade escrow product (e.g., Vandar میندو / معاملات امن) is the only true hold/release/refund mechanism, and its EVV-triggered hold is unverified — so the platform never assumes it can lawfully custody the cash itself.</li>
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<li><strong>PSP received ≠ cash in bank.</strong> Iranian PAYA settlement is cyclic (T+0/T+1, holiday-deferred), so the ledger separates a clearing/receivable state from settled cash, making bank reconciliation possible.</li>
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<li>Toman/PSP units differ from internal Rials; convert only at the API boundary. Amounts are BIGINT IRR internally to avoid float/rounding bugs.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="c-mvp-vs-deferred">(c) MVP vs DEFERRED <a class="anchor" href="#c-mvp-vs-deferred" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>MVP:</strong> card payment via one licensed PSP; internal double-entry <code>ledger_entries</code> escrow; per-booking three-way amount split; تسهیم-style commission/nurse-share modeling; <code>payment_webhook_events</code> idempotency; single-succeeded-transaction-per-booking guard; provider abstraction for failover.</li>
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<li><strong>DEFERRED:</strong> a nurse-facing wallet with on-demand withdrawal (facilitator wallet prohibition risk); multiple simultaneous live PSPs at launch (abstraction is built, second provider added later); bank-grade EVV-triggered escrow product integration.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="d-supporting-database-entities">(d) Supporting database entities <a class="anchor" href="#d-supporting-database-entities" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
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<p><code>payment_gateways</code>, <code>payment_transactions</code> (unique Shaparak ref, single-succeeded-per-booking), <strong><code>payment_webhook_events</code></strong>, <strong><code>ledger_entries</code></strong>, <code>bookings</code> (<code>gross_price_irr</code>, <code>balinyaar_commission_irr</code>, <code>platform_fee_rate</code>, <code>nurse_payout_amount</code>), <code>refunds</code>, <code>nurse_bank_accounts</code> (verified registered IBANs).</p>
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<blockquote><p><strong>Related:</strong> Deep fintech detail — <a href="../payments/escrow-ledger.html">Escrow Ledger</a>. Data model — <a href="../data-model/06-payments-ledger-and-refunds.html">Payments Ledger & Refunds</a>.</p>
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</blockquote>
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